Contrastive analysis before discussing about the different hypothesis of contrastive analysis we should be familiar with the concept of difficulty and simplicity in language study, so we look at the hierarchy degrees of difficulty in languages. The strong hypothesis is found untenable, and difficulties with the weak hypothesis are discussed as well. Contrastive analysis of turkish and english in turkish efl. This notion corresponds to typological markedness which can be determined independently of any particular language and independently of the facts concerning second language acquisition. Although contrastive analysis has often been questioned for its inadequacy to predict the transfer errors that learners will make in actual learning. Using both psycholinguistic and linguistic analysis, he establishes a sound theoretical basis for ca before going on to illustrate its contribution to the study of linguistic universals, bilingualism. Contrastive analysis presents a successful theoretical and practical case for the value of ca as a research tool, both for those studying applied linguistics and for teachers needing to adjust their teaching to the state of knowledge of their students. At the end are guiding questions for the educator to contemplate instruction and contrastive analysis.
Contrastive analysis is a method to distinguish between what are needed and not needed to learn by the second language learner by evaluating languages m. The contrastive analysis hypothesis english language essay. Contrastive linguistics is the first book written by a linguist from mainland china on the histories and principles of comparing and contrasting chinese and western languages, specifically english. Eric ed123888 contrastive analysis, error analysis and. Contrastive pca is a tool for unsupervised learning, which efficiently reduces dimensionality to enable visualization and exploratory data analysis. Wardaugh proposed a distinction between a strong version and a weak version of the contrastive analysis hypothesiscah. Contrastive analysis can be successfully incorporated into writing curriculum to teach not only students who speak aave, but also students of all cultures. Contrastive analysis became associated with behaviorist psychology, which was another separate influence on language teaching, particularly on audiolingual language teaching, and especially in the united states. Be familiar with how mother tongue interfers in the second language outline introduction 1. Though there is some overlap between the two texts, the coverage in the textbook is wider.
Exploring patterns enriched in a dataset with contrastive. Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis eckman. Doc contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage. Contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage in. Contrastive analysis includes all fields of linguistics such as phonology, semantics, syntax, morphology and pragmatics. Contrastive analysis and the future of second language education. Contrastive analysis of english and hindi nominal phrase subjects. The main difference between the approximative system hypothesis and the interlanguage hypothesis is that the latter emphasizes the structurally intermediate status of the learners language system between mother tongue and target language, while the former emphasizes the transitional and dynamic nature of the system keshavarz, 1999. Contrastive analysis hypothesis crosslinguistic influence in this video, i gave a basic explanation of the principles of the contrastive analysis hypothesis. The purpose of this paper is to propose that the contrastive analysis hypothesis cah should be revised to incorporate a notion of degree of difficulty.
L1 and l2, pointing at the specific features of each language system in its major areas. Such a claim is perhaps unwarranted, but a period of quiescence is probable for contrastive analysis itself. Pdf the contrastive analysis hypothesis and spelling errors. Jun 01, 2012 contrastive analysis or contrastive linguistic is one of the applied linguistics that analyzes and describes the comparison equalities and differences between source language l1 and target language l2. Be aware of some differences between arabic and english 4. In contrastive linguistics, they are thought to be caused by unconscious transfer of mother tongue structures to the system of the target language and give information about both systems. In the interlanguage hypothesis of second language acquisition, errors are indicative of the different intermediate learning levels and are useful pedagogical. An overview of contrastive analysis hypothesis citeseerx. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage 1.
The change that has to take place in the language behavior of a foreign language student can be. The claim that the best language teaching materials are based on a contrast of the two competing. This study will use the perceptual assimilation model to delineate how different phoneme. Guys there is the power point presentation of contrastive analysis, set 2. The topic under consideration is the potential value of contrastive analysis henceforth. It viewed learning as habit formation brought about. It differs from the previous book in having been prepared as a textbook for an undergraduate course on contrastive analysis and learner language. Teaching materials can make use of contrastive analysis and the difficulties between the two languages can. Contrastive linguistic between language particular analysis and application gast, n.
Document resume the contrastive analysis hypothesis. With charles fries, he was involved with the university of michigan eli english language institute, which. Sla background robert lado, contrastive analysis, audiolingualism 2. Contrastive analysis hypothesis states that the structure of the learners l1 affects the acquisition the two terms acquisitionlearning interchangeably of their l2, in the sense that whenever there are similarities the l2 learning is facilitated, and whenever there are differences the learning process is difficult. What is contrastive analysis free download as powerpoint presentation. Language issues seem to have been the stumbling block for peoples communication for centuries. The contrastive analysis hypothesis and spelling errors. Contrastive analysis is the technique we use to find the most powerful submodality the driver which will cause all the other submodalities to shift. Lado, the study of second language acquisition, rod ellis p. Historically it has been used to establish language genealogies. The claim that the best language teaching materials are based on a contrast of the two competing linguistic systems has long been a popular one in language teaching. What is contrastive analysis linguistics philology.
It is argued that contrastive analysis, far from being irrelevant or obsolete as some critics have claimed, remains, both theoretically and methodologically, the most principled component of a theory of errors. A countertheory to contrastive analysis is error analysis. While contrastive analysis compares and contrasts the similarities and differences between the mother tongue and the target language to detect prospective. Download free contrastive linguistics and contrastive analysis hypothesis contrastive linguistics and contrastive analysis hypothesis as recognized, adventure as skillfully as experience just about lesson, amusement, as competently as accord can be gotten by just checking out a ebook contrastive linguistics and. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. On the other hand, many errors that do turn up are not predicted by contrastive analysis. Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Contrastive analysis hypothesis linkedin slideshare.
With charles fries, he was involved with the university of michigan eli english language institute. It also fails to take into account differences between dialects. The contrastive analysis hypothesis cah in the 1950s, the study of second language acquisition sla was largely based on the contrastive hypothesis or contrastive analysis hypothesis, cah. Most contrastive studies take into account basic building blocks of languages such as phonics and vocabulary and also the structural natures of many. Readers are encouraged to study more indepth to gain a full appreciation of this hypothesis. The theoretical foundations for what became known as the contrastive analysis hypothesis were formulated in lados linguistics across. A contrastive analysis between bangla and english phonology. View contrastive analysis research papers on academia.
Contrastive analysis and error analysis in combination with. Contrastive analysis and the future of second language. Contrastive analysis fails to distinguish between the written rules of formal language and the unwritten rules of informal language. For instance, for a moment think of someone you really like, get a picture of him or her and notice where that picture is located in your visual field i.
This is a brief overview of contrastive analysis for the reader to understand the main points. Actually the contrastive analysis hypothesis may be stated in two versions, a strong version and a weak version. Oct 17, 2017 in this video, i gave a basic explanation of the principles of the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Contrastive analysis of hypothesis also called ca is the comparison of the linguistic system of two or more languages and it is based on the main difficulties in.
The implications of three versions of the contrastive analysis hypothesis cah are explored. Rooted in the comparative linguistics tradition, ca was rst suggested by fries 1945andformalizedbylado1957. The interest in ea, however, declined after the growing enthusiasm for contrastive analysis henceforth ca which was considered a more reliable method than ea for predicting and explaining learning difficulties chau, 1975. Elicit the submodalities of the first state using the submodality worksheet. Wardaugh proposed a distinction between a strong version and a weak version of the contrastive analysis hypothesis cah. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage and. Besides, i introduced the notion of the classical term interference, and i even trid to. The study at aurora university conducted by taylor proves that contrastive analysis is an effective way to use students vernacular teach writing. Contrastive analysis hypothesis crosslinguistic influence. Contrastive analysis a presentation by lulud, nicko, and novian 2. The definition ca is sla approach that compares features of l1 and l2 in order to determine the similarities and differences of l1 to l2 3. Contrastive analysis of hypothesis also called ca is the comparison of the linguistic system of two or more languages and it is based on the main difficulties in learning a new language that caused by interference from the first language. Contrastive analysis hypotheses cah strong version the change that has to take place in the language behavior of a foreign language student can be equated to the differences between the structure of the students native language and culture and that of the target language and culture.
The son of spanish immigrants to the us, he learned english as an adult, which inspired his interest in the practical aspects of foreign language learning. Contrastive linguistics and contrastive analysis hypothesis. The ca hypothesis has been predominant in l2 learning theory with rami ications in ped. For example, german learners persist for some time in making erroneous choices between much and many despite the fact that german also makes a formal distinction between singular viel and plural viele. However, contrastive analysis certainly cannot predict these developmental errors. A key finding of error analysis is that many learner errors are produced by learners making faulty. The strong and weak forms are rejected in favor of a more moderate version which predicts the results o. The purpose of this short paper is to explain the assumptions behind what is called contrastive analysis hypothesis cah to language teaching and learning. Discusses the strong contrastive analysis hypothesis, which claims predictive powers for contrastive analysis, and the weak hypothesis, which claims only that contrastive analysis can help account for observed difficulties in second language learning. Download pdf studies in contrastive linguistics and error. Contrastive analysis hypothesis by lin laoshi on prezi. A new role for contrastive analysis, carl james discusses the question concerning the contrastive analysis and its application for the comparative studies of two or more languages. Contrastive analysis or contrastive linguistic is one of the applied linguistics that analyzes and describes the comparison equalities and differences between source language l1 and target language l2. Gast explained that a l n stands for the analysis of a language l n and ac l1 l2 for the contrastive analysis of two languages l1 and l2.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. English and german will be cited, and then demonstrate why contrastive analysis was rejected after decades of prosperity in which it dominated the. The strong version of cah claims that all l2 errors can be predicted by identifying the differences between l1 and l2. Apr 30, 2020 contrastive analysis fails to distinguish between the written rules of formal language and the unwritten rules of informal language. Contrastive analysis and native language identification. The strong version of cah is clearly based upon a priori contrastive analysis of the l1 and l2. Inessence, ca examines foreign language performance, with a particular focus on learner difculties, in light of a structural comparison between the native and. Contrastive analysis and error analysis in combination. Pdf although contrastive analysis has often been questioned for its inadequacy to predict the transfer errors that learners will make in actual. It exists in strong and weak versions, the strong one arising from evidence from the availability of some kind of metatheory of contrastive analysis and the weak from evidence from language interference. Contrastive analysis in nlp submodalities transform destiny.
In this paper the claim wilt be made that the strong version is quite unrealistic and impracticable, even though it is the one on which those who write contrastive analyses usually claim to base their work. A new role for contrastive analysis 601 words critical. The strong and weak forms are rejected in favor of a more moderate version which predicts the. Contrastive analysis it is a technique that enables you to distinguish the different ways that someone codes their thinking. According to this hypothesis, interference was a main source of errors in the process of second language acquisition. However, not all problems predicted by contrastive analysis always appear to be difficult for the students. Recent advances in linguistic theory have led some people to claim that the hypothesis is no longer useful in either the strong or the weak version. A part of the difficulties can be attributed to the mother. Use the pedagogical implications of contrastive analysis in class. Wardhaugh, ronald the claim that the best language teaching materials are based on a contrast of the two competing linguistic systems has long been a popular one in language teaching. A contrastive analysis of the sentence structure of english and igarra languages with abstract, chapters 15, references and questionnaire. The application of contrastive analysis in the classroom. Download pdf studies in contrastive linguistics and.
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